Mutual Toleration and Institutional Forbearance: The Deep Structure of Democracy
Democracy world-wide is in trouble. Larry Diamond pointed this out more than a decade ago,
pointing out the resurgence of the predatory state (Diamond 2008), whilst Thomas Carothers
(and others) suggested that the so-called “Third Wave”, the “transition paradigm”, famously
coined by Samuel Huntington, was over, was over (Carothers 2002). More recently complex
analyses of the state of democracy in the US and the UK, perhaps the oldest democracies in the
world, give even greater cause for concern: if democracy in the US, as Francis Fukayama points
out (Fukayama 2014), and in the UK as A C Grayling points out, are in trouble, what hope for
the remainder of the world (Grayling 2018)?
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