Debt has been a problem for Zimbabwe since 1999 and worsened since 2000 with the problems over the land reform process, disputed elections, and serious violations of human rights. These led to dispute proceedings being launched by the EU and the passing of the Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act (ZIDERA) by the US. This placed Zimbabwe under and range of restrictive conditions and some sanctions and led to the removal of most bi-lateral economic support and the drying up of foreign direct investment.

Policy Dialogue Series: Policy Brief No. 3 2023 Debt Restructuring, ZIDERA and the 2023 Elections: A Preview

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